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A correlation matrix lists the variable names down the first column and across the first row. The diagonal of a correlation matrix always consists of ones. In every correlation matrix there are two triangles that are the values below and to the left of the diagonal and above and to the right of the diagonal. A correlation matrix is always a symmetric matrix.
A similarity matrix is a matrix of scores which show the similarities between two data points. They are generally used in sequence alignment. The higher the score the more similar characters it receives.
Stem and leaf plot is a way to show quantitative data in a graphical format to help visualize the distribution among categories. It came about from teh work of Arther Bowley in the early 1900's.